Maternal education and language development at 2 years corrected age in children born very preterm: results from a European population-based cohort study.
Sentenac M, Johnson S, Charkaluk M-L, Sëppanen A-V, Ulrika A, Cuttini M, Maier R, Mannamaa M, Zeitlin J; Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe (EPICE) research group. 
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2020 Jan 29.

BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic factors influence language development in the general population, but the association remains poorly documented in children born very preterm (VPT). We assessed the impact of maternal education on language development in children born VPT and effect modification by perinatal risk.

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Breastfeeding outcomes in European NICUs: impact of parental visiting policies.
Cuttini M, Croci I, Toome L, Rodrigues C, Wilson E, Bonet M, Gadzinowski J, Di Lallo D, Herich LC, Zeitlin J; Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe (EPICE) research group. 
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2019 Mar;104(2):F151-F158.

OBJECTIVE: The documented benefits of maternal milk for very preterm infants have raised interest in hospital policies that promote breastfeeding. We investigated the hypothesis that more liberal parental policies are associated with increased breastfeeding at discharge from the neonatal unit. 

DESIGN: Prospective area-based cohort study 

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Mode of delivery and mortality and morbidity for very preterm singleton infants in a breech position: A European cohort study.
Schmidt S, Norman M, Misselwitz B, Piedvache A, Huusom LD, Varendi H, Barros H, Cammu H, Blondel B, Dudenhausen J, Zeitlin J, Weber T; Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe (EPICE) research group. 
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019 Jan 11.

OJECTIVE: Caesarean section (CS) may reduce mortality and morbidity for very pretemr breech infants, but evidence is inconclusive. We evaluated neonatal outcomes for singleton breech infants by mode of delivery in a Europan cohort. 

STUDY DESIGN: Data come from the EPICE population-based cohort of very preterm births in 19 regions in 11 European countries (7770 live births). The study population was singleton spontaneous-onset breech births at 24-31 weeks gestational age (GA) without antenatal medical complications requiring caesarean delivery (N = 572). Mixed-effects regression models adjusting for maternal and pregnancy covariates and propensity score matching was used to examine the effect of (1) CS and (2) a unit policy of systematic CS for breech presentation by GA. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital mortality, intraventricular haemorrhage grades III & IV or cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Secondary outcomes were each component separately, five minute Apgar score below seven and mortality within six hours of delivery. 

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Duration and Time Trends in Hospital Stay for Very Preterm Infants Differ Across European Regions.
Maier RF, Blondel B, Piedvache A, Misselwitz B, Petrou S, Van Reempts P, Franco F, Barros H, Gadzinowski J, Boerch K, van Heijst A, Draper ES, Zeitlin J; MOSAIC and Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe (EPICE) research groups. 
Pediatr Crit Care Med.. 2018 Dec 19(12):1153-1161.

OBJECTIVES: To compare duration and changes over time in length of hospital stay for very preterm and extremely preterm infants in 10 European regions. 

DESIGN: Two area-based cohort studies from the same regions in 2003 and 2011/2012 

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